Free Essays on Chinese Influence To American

Chinese Attitudes towards death Throughout the history of mankind, â€Å"death?has always been a fascination. People have always wondered about the causes of death, the aftermath of death, and whether it could be stopped. Among these people were the Chinese, who like many other people, believed there was life after death. They performed certain rituals ?to help them along their way.?Chinese attitudes toward death are reflected in funerary rituals, Buddhist philosophy and reverence for the deceased. Death is a very important issue to the Chinese people. The son of a family has the obligation to give his parents a proper funeral. â€Å"This includes such essential elements as; a large coffin, a funeral procession, a well-chosen gravesite, gifts and offerings to the soul of the deceased, a period of mourning, and keeping an ancestral shrine. If a Chinese son fails to follow these obligations, he has committed a serious offense against society.? The Chinese believed in giving a proper funeral to their elders because when the elders were alive, they had shared their experiences and knowledge with the young. The Chinese followed the requirements to a proper funeral because they believed in remembering the dead, who were once close to them. They wanted to remember the dead by praying to them daily and making them offerings. The Chinese believed that there were certain rituals that were necessary for certain events. For example, during a wedding, the Chinese believed that the couple must bow to the parents and offer them tea. Only then, can the couple be happily married. Because the Chinese believe in performing certain rituals for certain events, anyone who doesn’t give his parents a proper funeral would have mocked traditional beliefs. This son would be considered as a pariah in his village and looked upon as â€Å"dirty?by his neighbors. To the Chinese, being buried in a coffin was very important. Chinese people wanted to bury the dead in coffi... Free Essays on Chinese Influence To American Free Essays on Chinese Influence To American Chinese Attitudes towards death Throughout the history of mankind, â€Å"death?has always been a fascination. People have always wondered about the causes of death, the aftermath of death, and whether it could be stopped. Among these people were the Chinese, who like many other people, believed there was life after death. They performed certain rituals ?to help them along their way.?Chinese attitudes toward death are reflected in funerary rituals, Buddhist philosophy and reverence for the deceased. Death is a very important issue to the Chinese people. The son of a family has the obligation to give his parents a proper funeral. â€Å"This includes such essential elements as; a large coffin, a funeral procession, a well-chosen gravesite, gifts and offerings to the soul of the deceased, a period of mourning, and keeping an ancestral shrine. If a Chinese son fails to follow these obligations, he has committed a serious offense against society.? The Chinese believed in giving a proper funeral to their elders because when the elders were alive, they had shared their experiences and knowledge with the young. The Chinese followed the requirements to a proper funeral because they believed in remembering the dead, who were once close to them. They wanted to remember the dead by praying to them daily and making them offerings. The Chinese believed that there were certain rituals that were necessary for certain events. For example, during a wedding, the Chinese believed that the couple must bow to the parents and offer them tea. Only then, can the couple be happily married. Because the Chinese believe in performing certain rituals for certain events, anyone who doesn’t give his parents a proper funeral would have mocked traditional beliefs. This son would be considered as a pariah in his village and looked upon as â€Å"dirty?by his neighbors. To the Chinese, being buried in a coffin was very important. Chinese people wanted to bury the dead in coffi...

Angkor Civilization Timeline and Khmer Empire Kings

Angkor Civilization Timeline and Khmer Empire Kings The Khmer Empire (also called the Angkor Civilization) was a state level society which at its height controlled all of what today is Cambodia, and parts of Laos, Viet Nam and Thailand as well. The Khmer primary capital was at Angkor, which means Holy City in Sanskrit. Angkor city was (and is) a complex of residential areas, temples and water reservoirs located north of Tonle Sap (Great Lake) in northwest Cambodia. Chronology of Angkor Complex Hunter Gatherers ? to ca 3000-3600 BCEarly Farming 3000-3600 BC to 500 BC (Ban Non Wat, Ban Lum Khao)Iron Age 500 BC to AD 200-500Early Kingdoms AD 100-200 to AD 802 (Oc Eo, Funan State, Sambor Prei Kuk), Chenla stateClassic (or Angkorian period) AD 802-1327 (Angkor Wat, Angkor Borei, etc.)Post-Classic AD 1327-1863 (after establishment of Buddhism) The earliest settlement in the Angkor region was by complex hunter-gatherers, at least as early as 3600 BC. The earliest states in the region emerged during the first century AD, as identified through historic documentation of the Funan state. Written accounts suggest that state level activities such as taxation on luxuries, walled settlements, participation in extensive trading, and the presence of foreign dignitaries occurred at Funan by AD 250. It is likely that Funan was not the only operating polity in southeast Asia at the time, but it is currently the best documented. Read more about Funan State By ~500 AD, the region was occupied by several southeast Asian states, including Chenla, Dvarati, Champa, Keda, and Srivijaya. All these early states share the incorporation of legal, political and religious ideas from India, including the use of Sanskrit for the names of their rulers. Architecture and carvings of the period also reflect Indian styles, although scholars believe the formation of states began before close interaction with India. The classic period of Angkor is traditionally marked at AD 802, when Jayavarman II (born c~770, ruled 802-869) became ruler and subsequently united the previously independent and warring polities of the region. Read more about Angkor Civilization Khmer Empire Classic Period (AD 802-1327) The names of the rulers in the classic period, like those of the earlier states, are Sanskrit names. A focus on building temples in the greater Angkor region began in the 11th century AD, and they were built and decorated with Sanskrit texts which acted as both concrete evidence of royal legitimacy and as the archives for the ruling dynasty that built them. For example, the Mahuidharapura dynasty established itself by constructing a large tantric Buddhist-dominated temple complex at Phimai in Thailand between 1080 and 1107. Jayavarman Two of the most important rulers were both named Jayavarman - Jayavarman II and Jajavarman VII. The numbers after their names were assigned to them by modern scholars of the Angkor society, rather than by the rulers themselves. Jayavarman II (ruled 802-835) founded the Saiva dynasty in Angkor, and united the region through a series of conquest battles. He established relative calm in the region, and Saiavism remained the unifying power in Angkor for 250 years. Jayavarman VII (ruled 1182-1218) took power of the regime after a period of unrest, when Angkor was split into competing factions and suffered an incursion from Cham polity forces. He promulgated an ambitious building program, that doubled Angkors temple population within a generation. Jayavarman VII erected more sandstone buildings than all his predecessors combined, at the same time turning the royal sculpting workshops into a strategic asset. Among his temples are Angkor Thom, Prah Khan, Ta Prohm and Banteay Kdei. Jayavarman is also credited with bringing Buddhism to state prominence in Angkor: although the religion had appeared in the 7th century, it had been suppressed by earlier kings. Khmer Empire Classic Period King List Jayavarman II, ruled AD 802-869, capitals at Vyadharapura and Mount KulenJayavarman III, 869-877, HariharalayaIndravarman II, 877-889, Mount KulenYashovarman I, 889-900, AngkorHarshavarman I, 900-~923, AngkorIsanavarman II, ~923-928, AngkorJayavarman IV, 928-942, Angkor and Koh KerHarshavarman II, 942-944, Koh KerRajendravarman II, 944-968, Koh Ker and AngkorJayavarman V 968-1000, AngkorUdayadityavarman I, 1001-1002Suryavarman I, 1002-1049, AngkorUdayadityavarman II, 1050-1065, AngkorHarshavarman III, 1066-1080, AngkorJayavarman VI and Dharanindravarman I, 1080-?, AngkorSuryavarman II, 1113-1150, AngkorDharanindravarman I, 1150-1160, AngkorYasovarman II, 1160-~1166, AngkorJayavarman VII, 1182-1218, AngkorIndravarman II, 1218-1243, AngkorJayavarman VIII, 1270-1295, AngkorIndravarman III, 1295-1308, AngkorJayavarma Paramesvara 1327-Ang Jaya I or Trosak Phaem, ? Sources This timeline is a part of the About.com guide to Angkor Civilization, and the Dictionary of Archaeology. Chhay C. 2009. The Cambodian Royal Chronicle: A History at a Glance. New York: Vantage Press. Higham C. 2008. In: Pearsall DM, editor. Encyclopedia of Archaeology. New York: Academic Press. p 796-808. Sharrock PD. 2009. Garu a, Vajrapa i and religious change in Jayavarman VIIs Angkor. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 40(01):111-151. Wolters OW. 1973. Jayavarman IIs military power: The Territorial foundation of the Angkor empire. The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1:21-30.

Augmentative and Alternative Communication Essay

Augmentative and Alternative Communication - Essay Example k, a lot of research needs to be done in the field of developmental disabilities which have multifaceted and multilateral aspects that are not only complex by nature but they also need socio-psychological interventions, stretched over a period of time, involving extensive inter-personal communication. Of the various developmental disabilities, cerebral palsy is significantly different and encompasses a wide set of communication problem. Cerebral palsy is a disability where despite having a relatively high intelligence quotient, the person has almost no control over his locomotor parts including his speech, thus making communication extremely difficult. Though it affects muscle movements and synchronized coordination of body parts, it is not actually a muscular or neurological problem but abnormality in part of the brain that controls body coordination. It is, therefore, very important to address the need for an augmentative and alternative communication for the persons suffering from cerebral palsy. While there have been many studies that focused on improving linguistic, technical, and strategic competence, there is a scarcity of research on socio-relational competence. In order to enhance the participation of the persons affected with cerebral palsy in the development of the community, it is imperative that their socio-relational competencies be developed to the extent that they may start contributing to the socio-economic development of the society. Prior research indicated that providing access to Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) devices to communicate would not guarantee the development of communicative competence in disabled individuals. According to Light â€Å"for AAC users to reach communicative competence, four critical skills must be mastered namely linguistic competence; technical competence; socio-relational competence and strategic competence† (Light, Binger, Agate, & Ramsay, 1999). According to Mirenda (2003) â€Å"the behavioral

The Origin and Effect of the CERES Principles Essay

The Origin and Effect of the CERES Principles - Essay Example As a result, came the moment when the world realized what powerful structures the industrial era had created – corporations. Surely, large companies have never been the greatest evil of the society. Nevertheless, their influence over people’s behavior (buying habits), government regulations and even environment has risen drastically in the latest decades due to the expansion of globalization processes. For that reason the level of social responsibility each company overtakes in the contemporary business environment is now greatly influencing both the society and the company’s success. Similarly, it is very likely that even if the Exxon Valdez wreck had not occurred, CERES would exist today as an organization that helps companies in developing their environment protection strategies and corporate social responsibility principles. Of course, the wreck became a point at which the importance of protecting the environment raised due to the high publicity of the Exxon Valdez incident. Nevertheless, in addition to such cases as Exxon Valdez wreck, the natural development trends of the global business environment would have lead to the creation of an organization like CERES. Furthermore it is worth noting that greater public concern about companies’ being responsible in their business practices has already lead to the development of the corporate responsibility concept and such international documents as, for instance, the Global Compact of United Nations Organization. In particular, this document â€Å"asks companies to embrace, support and enact, within their sphere of influence, a set of core values in the areas of human rights, labor standards, the environment and anti-corruption† (United Nations Global Compact). Another attempt to force companies to conduct business in an environmentally friendly manner is the Copenhagen Accord of 2009. It was a result of the Climate Summit, which was the fifteenth conference of the global govern ments. This agreement was meant to be reached by the world countries in order to reduce human impact on the environment (United Nations 1). However, though the document acknowledges the fact that the temperature rise should be kept below 2 degrees Celsius with the help of emissions reduction, no specific goals were set for the countries to comply with the objective. Another point was that developing countries that are influenced by climate change most of all were to receive financial aid form developed countries in the period of 2010-2012 for adapting to the climate change (United Nations 3). The Accord also encourages the practice of paying developing countries for reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation (Vidal, Stratton, and Goldenberg 2009). It should also be noted that previously developed proposals that called the countries for limiting temperature rises to 1.5 degrees Celsius and reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 80% by 2050 were abandoned. In addition, the in teresting fact is that the United States, who refused to sign the Kyoto Protocol of 1997, was the major contributor to and strongest supporter of the Copenhagen Accord. The country’s motive for objecting to sign documents like the Kyoto Protocol, the purpose of which is worldwide reduction of greenhouse gas emission, is, most likely economic. The USA is one of the largest environment polluters in the world because of the high level of economy

Great Expectations Essay Example for Free

Great Expectations Essay Why have the soldiers actually come to the Gargery house? – They are there to get a pair of 5. handcuffs fixed. 6. When the two convicts are found, what are they doing? – They are fighting. 7. What does the second convict claim the first convict tried to do to him? – He claims he tried to 7. murder him 8. How does Joe feel toward the first convict? – He is sympathetic; he doesn’t mind him eating the 8. pork pie if it meant he wouldn’t starve. 9. Who takes the blame for stealing the food from Mrs. Joe? – The first convict takes the blame. 10. Where are the convicts taken? – They are taken back to the prison ship. Great Expectations: Chapters 6 and 7 Questions 1. Why didnt Pip tell Joe the truth concerning the convict and the theft? – He was scared he’d lose 1. Joe’s trust. 2. What is probably the reason that Joe married Pips sister? – He probably married her to help 2. raise Pip. 3. What does Mr. Wopsles great-aunt run in the evenings? – She runs night school. 4. Even though Pip attends the evening school, who actually teaches Pip how to read and write? 4. Biddy teaches him how to read and write. 5. What does Pip find out about Joes education? – He finds out Joe never attended school. 6. What is the only word that Joe can read? – He can only read â€Å"Jo†. 7. Pip agrees to help Joe learn to read and write. Why must they keep it a secret from Mrs. Joe? 7. She may think Joe will want to rise and rebel against her. 8. What news do Uncle Pumblechook and Mrs. Joe bring home to Pip? – He says Miss Havisham 8. wants Pip to play at her house. 9. What does Miss Havisham ask Pip to come there to do? – She wants him to play there. 10. Who first takes Pip to Miss Havishams house? Mr. Pumblechook takes Pip first. Great Expectations: Chapters 8 and 9 Questions 1. What is the meaning of Satis? It means â€Å"Enough†. 2. At what time have all the clocks in Miss Havishams house stopped? – They have stopped at 20 2. minutes to 9. 3. Who opens the gate to let Pip in at Miss Havishams? – Estella let’s Pip in. 4. What game does Pip play with Estella? Beggar my neighbor is the game they play. 5. How is Miss Havisham dressed? She is dressed in a fine, but aged bridal dress. 6. How does Estella hurt Pips feelings? – Estella is unkind to him and insults him. 7. Who does Pip imagine he sees hanging from a beam in the brewery? He imagines he sees Miss 7. Havisham hanging there. 8. Why does Pip lie to Mrs. Joe and Uncle Pumblechook about his day at Miss Havish ms? He 8. wouldn’t be believed, he didn’t understand everything there himself, and he didn’t want to talk 8. about it with Mrs. Joe. 9. Pip cannot lie to whom? – Pip can’t lie to Joe. 10. On what subject does Joe lecture Pip? – He lectures him about telling lies. Great Expectations: Chapters 10 and 11 Questions 1. What does the mysterious stranger at the Three Jolly Bargemen stir his drink with? He stirs it 1. with a file. 2. What does the stranger give to Pip? He gives Pip two pounds. 3. How does Estella treat Pip in these two chapters? She is very unkind and insulting. 4. What is the Three Jolly Bargemen? – It is a pub. 5. Who are the people waiting with Pip in the large room at Miss Havishams? – They are relatives 5. of Miss Havisham 6. On what occasion are these people visiting Miss Havisham? It is Miss Havisham’s birthday. 7. Describe what Pip sees on the bri dal table. – He saw a bridal cake (though he didn’t know at 7. first) covered with cobwebs. 8. Where does Miss Havisham want to be laid when she is dead? She wants to be laid on the 8. bridal table. . What does Miss Havisham ask Pip to do on this visit? She asks him to play cards again with 9. Estella. 10. What do Pip and the pale young gentleman do? They fight. Great Expectations: Chapters 12 and 13 Questions 1. What does Pip worry about before he returns to Miss Havishams? He worries about being 1. punished for fighting. 2. What do Miss Havisham and Pip do every visit? – Pip pushed her in her wheelchair around her 2. Room. 3. Why does Miss Havisham ask Pip to bring Joe to her house? She wants Pip to become Joe’s 3. apprentice. 4. What does apprenticeship mean? It means to be bound to master to learn a trade. 5. What does Miss Havisham pay Joe for Pips apprenticeship? She pays him 25 pounds. 6. How does Joe embarrass Pip at Miss Havishams? -He has a crude appearance and rough speech. 7. Who does Pip confide in? Pip confides in Biddy. 8. What does Miss Hav isham instruct Estella to do? She instructs her to â€Å"break their hearts†. 9. Who takes the credit for Pips apprenticeship? Mr. Pumblechook takes credit for it. 10. How does Pip feel about his apprenticeship to Joe? – Pip is disappointed in it. Great Expectations: Chapters 14 and 15 Questions 1. Why does Pip want to educate Joe? He wants to educate Joe so that â€Å"he might be worthier of 1. my society and less open to Estella’s reproach. † 2. What is the reason Pip gives Joe for wanting to return to Miss Havishams? –He says he wants to 2. thank Miss Havisham 3. What is the real reason he wants to return to Miss Havishams? He wishes to see Estella. 4. Who meets Pip at Miss Havishams gate? He meets Sarah Pocket. 5. Where is Estella? She is â€Å"Abroad†. 6. When does Miss Havisham invite Pip to return? She invites him to return on his birthday. 7. What is the name of Joes journeyman at the forge? The journeyman is Dolge Orlick. 8. Who causes the fight between Orlick and Joe? Mrs. Joe causes the fight. 9. Who joins Pip and Mr. Wopsle on their walk home? Orlick joins them. 10. What happens at home while Pip is in the village? – Mrs. Joe was attacked. Great Expectations: Chapters 16 and 17 Questions 1. What important piece of evidence w as left beside Mrs. Joes body? – A leg iron was next to her. 2. Mrs. Joe lives, but how is she afflicted? – She has brain damage and is unable to talk. 3. What does Mrs. Joe repeatedly draw on her slate? – She draws a T shape. 4. When Mrs. Joe draws this figure, who does she want to see? She wants to see Orlick. 5. What does the T represent? – It represents a hammer. 6. Who are the two people Pip suspects could be Mrs. Joes attacker? –Orlick or the strange man 6. he saw at the pub. 7. Who comes to live at the forge and cares for Mrs. Joe? –Biddy comes to live at the forge. 8. When Pip returns to see Miss Havisham on his birthday, what does she give him? – He is given a 8. guinea 9. Who does Pip confide in that he wants to be a gentleman? – He tells Biddy. 10. What is the reason that Pip wants to be a gentleman? – He says he is unhappy with his place in 10. life Great Expectations: Chapter 18 and 19 Questions 1. Who informs Pip that he has Great Expectations? – Pip is informed by Mr. Jaggers. 2. What are the three stipulations of the inheritance? – He will be raised as a gentleman, cannot 2. know the identity of the person giving him his fortune, and his acceptance of the other conditions. 3. Who is to be Pips guardian while he is in London? – Mr. Jaggers is to be Pip’s guardian. 4. Who is to be Pips tutor while he is in London? – Pip’s tutor is to be Matthew Pocket. 5. When Mr. Jaggers offers Joe money to compensate for the loss of Pips services, what does the blacksmith do? Joe declines it. 6. Who does Pip believe is his benefactor? –He believes it is Miss Havisham. 7. Why does Pip visit Mr. Trabb, the tailor? – He visits Mr. Trabb to get a suit for London. 8. How does the reader know that Biddy understands Joe better than Pip does? – She asks Pip if he 8. ever consider that Jo e may be proud when he asks her to help Joe. 9. How has the behavior of Mr. Pumblechook and Mr. Trabb changed toward Pip? – They treat him 9. considerably better. 10. Where is Pip going at the end of Chapter 19? – He is going to London. Great Expectations: Chapters 20 and 21 Questions 1. What is the name of Mr. Jaggers clerk? – Mr. Wemmick is Mr. Jaggers clerk. 2. What is the name of the pale young gentleman? – The gentleman’s name is Herbert. 3. What is Pips impression of London? – He sees it as ugly, crooked, and dirty. 4. What is the name of the inn where Pip is to live? –He is to live at Barnard’s Inn. 5. What does Mr. Jaggers give to Pip? – He gives Pip’s his allowance. 6. Who walks Pip to Barnards Inn? – Mr. Wemmick walks Pip to the inn. 7. What kind of lawyer is Mr. Jaggers? – He is a criminal defense lawyer. 8. Where have Pip and Herbert Pocket met before now? – They met at the Satis House’s garden, 8. here they fought 9. What is Pips impression of Mr. Jaggers? – He is a frightening person. 10. What is the name of the prison located near Mr. Jaggers office? – It is called Newgate Prison. Great Expectations: Chapters 22 and 23 Questions 1. How does Herbert feel about Estella? – He is also attracted to her, but also knows about her 1. true character. 2. What name does Herbert give to Pip? –He names him Handel. 3. Why is Pip named Handel? – He names him after Handel’s The Harmonious Blacksmith. 4. What is one of the first lessons Herbert teaches Pip? – He teaches him table manners. 1. What relation is Estella to Miss Havisham? – Miss Havisham adopted her. 2. Does Miss Havisham have any brothers or sisters? – She has a half-brother. 3. Who did Mr. Havisham leave his vast fortune to after his death? – He left his fortune to Miss 3. Havisham’s fiance 4. What two men conspired to swindle Miss Havisham out of her money? – Her half-brother and 4. her fiance. 5. Which character is obsessed with peerage, titles, and nobility? – Mrs. Pocket is obsessed with 5. peerage, titles, and nobility. 6. Who are the other two students living at Matthew Pockets home? – They are Bentley Drummle 6. nd Startop. Great Expectations: Chapters 24 and 25 Questions 1. When Pip is invited to Mr. Jaggers home, who does Wemmick want Pip to notice? Does Pip go to see Joe, Biddy, and his sister while he is in town? –Pip doesn’t visit them. 3. Who rides on the coach with Pip? – Two convicts ride with Pip. 4. What does Pip overhear the convicts discussing? –How the convict Pip helped asked him to 4. deliver money to Pip. 5. When Pip arrives in his village, who does he find has taken all the credit for his good fortune? 5. He finds Mr. Pumblechook has taken all the credit. 6. Who admits Pip into Miss Havishams gate and is now working for her? –Orlick now works for 6. her. 7. How has Estella changed since the last time Pip saw her? Pip describes her as a ravishing young 7. woman. 8. What does Miss Havisham tell Pip to do to Estella? –She tell Pip to love her. 9. How does Pip recognize Estella when he first arrives? –Pip recognizes her by her eyes.

Perraults Puss in Boots :: Perrault Puss Boots Essays

Perrault's "Puss in Boots" Perrault's "Puss in Boots" is the charming tale of a boy who is delivered into good fortune through the clever cunning of his cat, and this story carries with it a basic plot, structure and theme commonly found in works of this genre. In fairy tales, one of the basic characteristics of a story line is its general involvement with some type of initial difficulty, usually made known to the reader in the introduction. As a result, the main character or characters of the story are compelled to seek a final resolution to the situation (Bruti). Perrault follows this formula, and begins his tale by presenting the dilemma of a young boy who must make his way in the world following the death of his father, his only inheritance being that of a cat. Having outlined the challenge facing the main character, the story proceeds to the next part of the story, the opening. It is at this point in the story where the main character is often given something, such as an object, or advice from another character to assist him or her in the completion of their transformation (Morris). In most instances, the support given acts as a catalyst and spurs the hero or heroine into action. In "Puss in Boots", the cat plays the role of an assistant to the orphaned boy, but with one slight inversion to the traditional story line. In this case, the cat not only offers words of consolation and advice to the boy, he also initiates the action leading up to the final resolution and transformation of the hero. Normally, a more common version of this theme would have the Miller's son carry out the plan of action, not his advisor. Traditionally in most fairy tales, the action occurring within the story moves along at a very quick pace, and it provides the basis for conflict and suspense. This is accomplished through the "use of repetition both in expressions and events" (Bruti). Generally the plot is based on a cycle of three recurrences, with each event acting as an episode or sub-story within the general story, and this pattern of three is often repeated one or more times throughout the story depending on the complexity of the tale (Morris). Following in the path of tradition, Perrault's tale also employs the use of repetition, with events occurring in patterns of three.

The name of the organization is Microcel Ltd

The name of the organization is Microcel Ltd. Previously it had been in the business of selling computer hardware. Currently it has been developing business applications software in the field of human resource management.There are three areas in the company where cost control has become a concern. One is the shared usage of the printer. Another is the shared usage of the stationary.The third area of concern is the shared usage of company transportation. In the company income statements, all three cost categories are classified as overhead and deducted from revenue lump sum. However recently the company has been experiencing increasing costs in all three areas and therefore the management has decided to investigate.The investigation could be simplified if the management were to use activity based costing. In trying to identify which operational processes are responsible for increasing costs, it is useful to look at the different departmental processes.At Microcel, there are six depart ments: system design, programming, testing, multimedia development and graphics design, marketing and sales, administration. The company is using two network printers and all six departments are sharing those printers.Printing costs have been rising in the last 1 year. Therefore the management has to find out if there is any one particular department which is responsible for increasing costs.Once that department has been identified, necessary cost controls could be initiated. In apportioning costs of the printers to each of the departments, it is necessary to apply activity based costing. In this case the resource is the printer.The resource driver could be the amount of ink used by the department in a particular time period which could be one month. The activity could be the printing while the activity driver would be the number of pages printed. The cost object in this illustration is each of the six departments.Therefore, if the printers run out of ink twice a month, then the car tridges have to be changed 24 times in a year. Activity based costing would enable the management the assign total yearly costs of changing cartridges to each of the departments as below.Assuming that it takes $29 to change one cartridge, the total cost of changing cartridges in a year is $696. The next phase of the calculations is to determine how many pages have been printed in a year and of that total number of pages, how many were printed by each of the departments.If there were a total of 7200 pages printed in a year and of those 7200 pages, 1200 were printed by the programming department, then this department has incurred the yearly printing cost of $116 (($696/7200)*1200). In this manner, the remaining portions of the $696 dollars could be assigned to each of the departments and the department which has been experiencing rising costs could be identified.Costs in shared stationary have also been rising. Under the heading of stationary, many items are included. The principal it ems are printing paper, pens, pencils and markers. There are six departments which are using these categories of stationary.Depending on the level of detail required in the investigation, activity based costing could be applied to each category of stationary as applicable to each department or, if that level of detail is not required, activity based costing could be applied to the stationary category as a whole as applicable to each department.Assuming that activity based costing is applied to the category of stationary as a whole as applicable to each department, Then stationary as a whole would be regarded as the resource.Resource drivers would be the pens, pencils, markers and printing paper. Activities may be the number of requisitions for stationary submitted by the departments. Activity drivers would be the number of requisitions submitted in the given time period. The cost object is each of the departments.For illustration purposes, the programming department consumes four pe ns, four pencils, four markers and hundred pages of printing paper in each month. Assuming prices of pens, pencils, markers and printing paper to be $1, $.5, $1.2 and $.01 respectively, cost of stationary applicable to the programming department is $110.8 in each month. In a year, the total cost comes to $1329.6.If the total cost of all stationary purchased in a year is $10000 then the programming department accounts for 13% of that cost. Therefore if the total cost of processing requisitions from all six departments in a year is $8000, then the amount of costs to be assigned to the programming department is $1040 (8000*13%).In the case of transportation expenses, the resource would be the company car. Resource driver would be the amount of gasoline expended on the car.Activities would be requisitions for refueling and the activity driver the number of requisitions submitted. If the programming department has spent $1000 in a year in gasoline expenses and the total amount expended f or all departments is $8000, then the programming department is responsible for 12% of the cost.If the total cost of processing transportation requisitions is $10000 in a year, the cost to be assigned to the programming department is 12% of $10000 = $1200.The three illustrations above demonstrate how activity based costing could be applied to Microcel.ReferencesAtkinson, Anthony A., et al. (2006). Management Accounting. McGraw Hill/Irwin.Horngren, Charles T., et al. (2006). Introduction to Management Accounting. Prentice Hall.Hansen, Don R., et al. (2007). Cost Management: Accounting & Control. Prentice Hall.

Organizational Systems and Quality Leadership Essay

Nursing-sensitive indicators are defined by the American Nurses Association as indicators that â€Å"reflect the structure, process and outcomes of nursing care. The structure of nursing care is indicated by the supply of nursing staff, the skill level of the nursing staff, and the education/certification of nursing staff† (ANA, 2015). These indicators are outcomes that increase the quality and safety in patient care. Some indicators are patient falls, surgical complications such as infection and pulmonary failure, restraint prevalence, patient satisfaction, nurse satisfaction and staffing, complications such as urinary tract infections and pressure ulcers. The National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI) provides a guideline for nurses and nurse managers for direction in patient care and how to use patient acuity, patient needs, and referral indicators to provide good, safe, quality patient care. Nursing-sensitive indicators that could be identified as possible int erference with patient care in Mr. J’s case are his being drowsy from pain medications, his mild dementia diagnosis, his being restrained, and his cultural and religious values preferences. Mr. J is said to answer simple questions but with the diagnosis of mild dementia and the pain medication given, any information given by Mr. J may not be accurate. The nurses and staff should have recognized this immediately and gotten with a caregiver or family who knows Mr. J to ask healthcare questions so staff could establish care appropriately from that information. The reason the patient is being restrained is never revealed but patients should never be restrained to the bed. There are more useful and humane ways to monitor a patient who may be at risk for falls with mild dementia such as bed alarm/chair alarm or a sitter. The patient, admitted with a fractured hip and restrained to a bed, is at high risk for pressure ulcers. The CNA should be well educated on the need to turn patients and make sure pressure points are well monitored to prevent skin breakdown. The lack of cultural respect and understanding regarding Mr. J dietary requests as a retired Jewish rabbi are a nursing -sensitive indicator which can lead to patient dissatisfaction, maybe not realized by the patient with mild dementia but certainly by his daughter. The hospital acquiring data on the above indicators of pressure ulcer incidence, prevalence of restraints, patient and family satisfaction could go a long way to advance the quality of patient care throughout the hospital. This hospital is a 65-bed rural hospital but it is the job of every hospital to give the best patient care possible. With a pressure ulcer developing while in the hospital and Medicare not reimbursing for the cost of the care of that ulcer, it is important to make sure for the patients and the financial aspect that these do not happen. The care of a pressure ulcer can take many weeks and be very costly. The development of this in the hospital is uncalled for and does not bring patient satisfaction. I think too often hospitals forget they are treating not just their patients but their families as well. Evidence-based practice could be used to see what could have been done to prevent pressure ulcers, education for the staff on what signs to look for concerning pressu re ulcers as well as education on the laws and when it is appropriate to use restraints on patients. Care of the patient should always be on the individual needs and cultural practice of the patients. As the nursing shift supervisor, I see several issues that need to be addressed. I would first ask who restrained this patient and why they felt this was needed. Evidence-based practice shows us that restraints are usually more dangerous to the patient than not being restrained. Restraints are to be used only in an emergency. In our book it states, â€Å"Restraint of any kind is a form of imprisonment, and the reasonable and prudent nurse will closely adhere to all laws, rules, and policies pertaining to the use of restraints† (Cherry, 2008). Furthermore, restraint† (Cherry, 2008). Policy and procedure needs to be addressed hospital wide with education and clear instructions given to prevent this in the future. The supervisor should not have ignored the dietary error nor told her staff to â€Å"keep it quiet.† â€Å"Each culture has a value system that dictates behavior directly or indirectly by setting norms and teaching that those norms are right. Health beliefs and practices tend to reflect a culture’s value system. Nurses must understand the patient’s value system to foster health promotion (Cherry, 2008).† As nurses, we must recognize and respect the cultures and beliefs of our patients. This hospital may have a small population of Jewish residents but what hospital can afford to lose patients to a hospital 20 miles away? There needs to be education from administration down on how to value each culture and how we as healthcare members must understand the different values to promote health. Education on the ability of practicing the health beliefs and practices of each patient can and will help the patient get better. I think we get into the mind-set that we are healthcare providers and people have to come to us, they need us, but what some don’t understand is we are a business as well. We need to respect our patients and put our patients first. They can go somewhere else. Someone else out there wants their business, wants to show them what kind of quality care they can receive, and will show them just that. REFERENCES Cherry, B., & Jacob, S. (2008). CHAPTER 8 Legal Issues in Nursing and Health Care. In Contemporary Nursing: Issues, Trends & Management (5th ed., p. 185, p. 222). St. Louis, Mo.: Mosby/Elsevier. Nursing-Sensitive Indicators. (2015, January 1). Retrieved April 25, 2015, from http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ThePracticeofProfessionalNursing/PatientSafetyQuality/Research-Measurement/The-National-Database/Nursing-Sensitive-Indicators_1.aspx

From the Mouth of LinkedIn 6 Things You Need to Know

From the Mouth of LinkedIn 6 Things You Need to Know I used to complain about the way LinkedIn would make changes to its platform without advising anyone about them. But I had no real right to do this, since I was not subscribed to LinkedIn’s Official Blog. Now that I am subscribed to the blog, I feel justified in my complaint. Many changes in the last month or so have blindsided members. I was rather shocked yesterday when I was told I had reached the â€Å"commercial limit† in my search and can only see three search results per search until the end of the month, when my search kitty will be replenished. Wow, LinkedIn really wants me to subscribe to Sales Navigator! But I digress. Since LinkedIn has gone through the trouble to announce a few of its changes, I thought for those of you (which means most of you) who are not subscribed to the LinkedIn Official Blog, it would be useful to give you some of the information I’ve been getting in my inbox for the last few months. Here are some useful articles from LinkedIn on the big changes that have happened. Note they talk a lot more about the things they’ve given than about the things they’ve taken away: LinkedIn Profile Photo Tips: Introducing Photo Filters and Editing  (for Mobile App Only) LinkedIn claims that â€Å"simply having a profile photo results in up to 21x more profile views and 9x more connection requests.† And now there are new tools to filter, crop and edit your photo via your LinkedIn  mobile app. You want to look your best on LinkedIn, so experiment with these features and use the tips LinkedIn provides. And if you are a speaker/author or higher level professional, do splurge on a professional photographer. Simple Tips to Improve your LinkedIn Feed  (for Mobile App Only) LinkedIn now gives you the power to customize the content in your LinkedIn feed from your mobile app. From your phone, after you click on an item in your feed, you can click on the â€Å"control icon† in the upper right corner of the update (3 dots next to each other) and go to â€Å"Improve my feed: Get recommended sources to follow.† Or you can hide posts, unfollow people, and report inappropriate activity. (On my iPhone, I discovered I could also get to this screen by clicking on my image to go to my profile, then clicking on the gear icon in the upper right, where I got a choice â€Å"Feed Preferences: Make your feed your own.†) Clicking on â€Å"Improve my feed† will bring you here: â€Å"Clean up you feed† gives you a long list of people you can unfollow. LinkedIn won’t notify them, don’t worry. And if you’d like suggestions on new companies and people to follow, tell LinkedIn you want to â€Å"Follow fresh perspectives† and you’ll be given some suggestions: How to Use the LinkedIn Notifications Tab to Stay Connected LinkedIn seems to want to help members keep on top of important events and network activity. The new Notifications tab notifies you of potential job opportunities, important milestones (birthdays, anniversaries and new positions) of your connections, â€Å"likes† or comments on your posts, who’s viewed your profile or followed you. How to Make the Most of the New LinkedIn Search This article is fairly technical in nature. You’ll get detailed instructions on how to use the search box to find people or companies, narrow your results with filters, create alerts for job openings, and use Boolean search with a set of five search operators (I told you it was technical). Good news: You can now search for posts using the search box! And you can save searches – a feature LinkedIn tried to eliminate but was persuaded by the community to reinstate. I encourage you to keep this article on hand and experiment with not only finding exactly what you want on LinkedIn, but also creating alerts for things you care about. There’s a Lot LinkedIn Didn’t Tell You About In my article last week, The Incredible Disappearing LinkedIn Profile, I covered many of the changes LinkedIn failed to write about. Please check it out if you missed it. Since then, I discovered the commercial use limit, mentioned above, as well as a change in how to receive an archive of your profile. Here are some LinkedIn Help pages that will be useful if you want to request an archive, or export your contacts. Both of these functions have moved from their previous positions! Accessing Your Account Data (Requesting your data archive) I recommend requesting an archive on a monthly or quarterly basis, depending on how active you are, and also requesting one every time you make updates to your profile. Exporting Connections (Your Contacts List) from LinkedIn If you want to email your LinkedIn connections, the best way to do it is to export a list from LinkedIn. Start from your My Network tab and then click on your number of connections, which will bring you to a screen with Manage synced and imported contacts in the upper right-hand corner.   Do NOT spam people! I recommend sending ONE email, written in a friendly manner, inviting people to your list. If they don’t join, they don’t join. Don’t risk a high spam rating by automatically adding your contacts to a marketing list. Exporting your connections is also the best way to tag and keep notes on your LinkedIn contacts, now that tagging and notes are no longer available to members with free accounts. Are you subscribed to the LinkedIn Official Blog? While it’s not perfect, the LinkedIn Blog will advise you about at least some of the things you need to know. Sign up here. If you get stuck trying to get something done on LinkedIn, try LinkedIn Help. Please share with me what you learn, and if LinkedIn Help doesn’t, well, help, I’d like to know about that too. Rest assured, a new edition of How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile is in the works. Stay tuned!

How To Answer “Why Do You Want To Work Here”

How To Answer â€Å"Why Do You Want To Work Here† This question comes up in so many job interviews. Surprisingly, most people are unprepared to answer it well. Think of this question as another valuable opportunity to show you’ve done your homework on a company, and to show that your ideals and goals are in lockstep with those of the company you’re interviewing with. Don’t just blather on about how they value whatever their mission statement says they value, or praise whatever company culture you’ve been able to glean from their brochures. Have something distinctive to say.Try these strategies and you’ll be in much better shape.1. Word of MouthHave you heard from current or past employees? Now might be the time to mention that you’ve got several contacts who worked there in the past, or friends of friends who work there now. It’s fine to say that you’ve received glowing reports; it makes your interviewer feel good, and it shows you did a bit of sleuthing around!2. Social MediaD oes this company have a particularly winning social media platform? Consider mentioning their engaging use of Facebook, or their badass presence on Twitter. This also shows that you’re engaged,   and with it  enough to be all up on social media.3. CommonalityIf you’ve done your digging and found contacts you know who work there on LinkedIn, for example, and you’ve noticed a particular pattern- something that most employees of that company seem to have in common- then mention it! Show that you’ve taken the time to figure out what the common thread is and then explain how you fit right in with it.4. LeadershipIt’s obviously good to speak favorably about the product or service the company puts out, but it’s even better to comment on their leadership- either within the industry or globally. Talk about their community involvement or philanthropy.5. UniquenessAcknowledge first and foremost what makes the company so unique. Show that youâ€℠¢ve looked into them enough to really understand what it is they’re going for- then compliment them on their success. All the while showing how their uniqueness matches yours perfectly!6. Its Past/FutureTalk about the company’s origins and past achievements†¦ or fast forward to show how well you can think ahead and envision the company’s goals being realized in an ever-changing industry. Show that you’re already invested in the future of the company.7. Get PersonalIf all else fails, tie your appreciation of the company to some aspect of yourself. Be as specific as possible. Have you had a personal interaction with anyone at the company? Now’s the time to start chatting about that. Remember, there’s no right way to answer this, only a few extra bonus points you can score if you answer it well.

Internship Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Internship - Personal Statement Example The Matteson Police Department is in the Village of Matteson which is located 28 miles southwest of Chicago's downtown and has a population of 16, 579. The department's reason for existence is emphasized in its mission statement as "to respond to a multitude of situations that require a person with unique authority to assist in reducing or resolving problems associated with law enforcement and public order maintenance." With this commitment, the Matteson Police Department carries out its day to day activities through its Chief of Police, 41 sworn officers, and ten full time civilian employees. The agency is headed by Chief of Police Norm Burnson and is organized into departments according to their respective responsibilities. With the establishment of a single goal, the police department is unified in acting to the best benefit of the Matteson Village. The organizational structure is highly centralized with most of the power emanating from the superior to the lower level officers. The chain of command is highly established and power distance is relatively high. The respect between officers and other employees becomes very visible through all their dealings and interaction with each other. I have also noted that the chain of command is more pronounced especially in situations where decision making is very important. Operating in a relatively small village, the staffs in the Matteson Police Department are very much familiar with the citizens in the area. On many occasions, the officers extend their friendship, greet the people that they know, and even call some by their first names. In other cases, I have witnessed how the staff shows their authority especially in the enforcement of different regulations. The Matteson Police Department has showed me the difficult task of striking a balance between being firm and authoritative in law enforcement while being friendly and approachable. All in all, the agency bestowed respect to the villagers acknowledging their rights and punishing them for their misconduct. I believe that this level of socialism and professionalism instilled the public with the respect which is due to the officers. However, some of the arrested individuals have been apprehensive and uncooperative during the necessary police processes. As an intern, I am very impressed with the warm welcome from the staff of Matteson Police Department. From the first day of my internship with them to the last, they have been very helpful in letting me acquire the knowledge and experience that I need. Being around professional and highly sociable staff, I have tried my best to deal with the public the same way that they do. Notwithstanding the fact that I am just an intern, I never find it difficult to deal and relate with the villagers because they have also been cooperative with me. My internship at the Matteson Police Department has mostly been on routine patrol. In order to familiarize myself with typical police jobs and responsibilities, I have been given the chance to ride patrols with different officers and in different occasions. I have also observed and learned how emergency calls are